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Upper-Amazon Cat-eyed Snake (Leptodeira approximans)
Reptiles of Ecuador | Serpentes | Colubridae | Leptodeira approximans
English common name: Upper-Amazon Cat-eyed Snake.
Spanish common names: Ojo de gato altamazónica, serpiente ojo de gato anillada.
Recognition: ♂♂ 84.9 cmMaximum distance from the snout to the tip of the tail. Snout–vent length=61.7 cm. ♀♀ 87.0 cmMaximum distance from the snout to the tip of the tail. Snout–vent length=65.6 cm..1 Leptodeira approximans can be identified by having the following combination of features: dorsal scales arranged in 19 rows at mid-body, vertically elliptical pupils, an enlarged vertebral scale row, belly creamy tan, and dorsum brown with dark brown interconnected middorsal blotches forming a broad zigzag pattern (Fig. 1).1–4 This species differs from Imantodes cenchoa and I. lentiferus by having a more elongate snout with proportionally smaller eyes.4 Juveniles tend to have a cream or white nape band.2
Figure 1: Individuals of Leptodeira approximans from Ecuador: Maycu Reserve, Zamora Chinchipe province (); Limoncocha Reserve, Sucumbíos province (). j=juvenile.
Natural history: Leptodeira approximans is a common snake that inhabits old-growth to heavily disturbed rainforests, which may be terra-firme or seasonally flooded.1–4 The species occurs in higher densities along marshes, swamps, and lagoons in forest-edge situations and open areas such as crops and pastures.1–5 Upper-Amazon Cat-eyed Snakes are exclusively nocturnal, with greater activity between 8:00 and 11:00 pm.6 They are terrestrial to semi-arboreal, foraging among leaf-litter and roots, as well as on low (0.3–5 m above the ground) shrubs and trees.1–7 One individual was reported 43 m above the ground inside a bromeliad.8 During the day, these snakes remain hidden in thick accumulations of leaf-litter, inside bromeliads, in crevices, or under loose tree bark.3–6 The main prey of L. approximans are frogs3–6 (including toxic ones, such as Leptodactylus,4,7 Osteocephalus,9 Phyllomedusa,5 and Rhinella4,10,11) as well as their eggs and tadpoles.2,3,12 Opportunistic predation on birds has also been recorded.13 Likewise, these snakes have been found in the stomach of Micrurus helleri and M. obscurus.14 In general, Cat-eyed Snakes are calm and rarely attempt to bite. Instead, they imitate vipers of the genus Bothrops by triangulating the head and flattening the body dorsoventrally.14–16 They are also notorious for expelling foul-smelling cloacal secretions and performing false strikes.15–17 Their dentition is opisthoglyphous, meaning they have enlarged teeth towards the rear of the maxilla and are venomous to small prey. The venom has hemorrhagic, neurotoxic, and myotoxic (muscle breaking) properties.18,19 In humans, it causes local effects, such as intense pain, edema, and hemorrhagic blistering.20,21 Gravid females of L. approximans have been found throughout the year, suggesting a continuous reproductive cycle, and their clutch size consists of 2–7 eggs.2–6 A shared nest between L. annulata and Leptophis nigromarginatus has also been reported.3 It contained 15 eggs inside a cavity in bamboo at 12 m above the ground.
Conservation: Least Concern Believed to be safe from extinction given current circumstances..28 Leptodeira approximans is a recently revalidated species.22 Therefore, it has not been formally evaluated by the IUCN Red List. Here, it is provisionally assigned to the LC category because the species has high population densities and a wide distribution spanning many protected areas.
Distribution: Leptodeira approximans is widely distributed throughout the western Amazon basin in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador (Fig. 2), and Perú.
Figure 2: Distribution of Leptodeira approximans in Ecuador. The star corresponds to the type locality: Chayahuitas, Amazonas department, Perú. See Appendix 1 for a complete list of the presence localities included in the map.
Etymology: The genus name is derived from the Greek words leptos (=thin) and deire (=neck).23 The specific epithet approximans is a Latin word meaning “to approach,” probably in reference to the similarity between this species and Leptodeira annulata.24
See it in the wild: The Upper-Amazon Cat-eyed Snake is a fairly common species that can be seen with almost complete certainty along forested bodies of water in Yasuní National Park, Cuyabeno Reserve, and Limoncocha Reserve.
Authors: Alejandro ArteagaaAffiliation: Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador. and Amanda QuezadaaAffiliation: Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador.
Photographer: Jose VieirabAffiliation: Tropical Herping (TH), Quito, Ecuador.,cAffiliation: ExSitu, Quito, Ecuador.
How to cite? Arteaga A, Quezada A (2024) Upper-Amazon Cat-eyed Snake (Leptodeira approximans). In: Arteaga A, Bustamante L, Vieira J (Eds) Reptiles of Ecuador: Life in the middle of the world. Available from: www.reptilesofecuador.com. DOI: 10.47051/NCYL2787
Literature cited:
- Costa JC (2014) Análise filogenética de Leptodeira FITZINGER, 1843 e taxonomia das espécies do clado do sul do complexo Leptodeira annulata/septentrionalis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae). PhD thesis, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 240 pp.
- Duellman WE (2005) Cusco amazónico: the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 433 pp.
- Duellman WE (1978) The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 65: 1–352.
- Dixon JR, Soini P (1986) The reptiles of the upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos region, Peru. Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, 154 pp.
- Field notes, Reptiles of Ecuador book project.
- Vitt LJ (1996) Ecological observations on the tropical colubrid snake Leptodeira annulata. Herpetological Natural History 2: 69–76.
- Camper JD, Torres-Carvajal O, Ron SR, Nilsson J, Arteaga A, Knowles TW, Arbogast BS (2021) Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador. Check List 17: 729–751.
- McCracken SF, Forstner MRJ (2014) Herpetofaunal community of a high canopy tank bromeliad (Aechmea zebrina) in the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve of Amazonian Ecuador, with comments on the use of “arboreal” in the herpetological literature. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8: 65–75.
- Arrivillaga C, Oakley J, Huang M (2019) Leptodeira annulata (Banded Cat-eyed Snake): diet. Herpetological Review 50: 802–803.
- Hagman M, Schulte R (2007) Leptodeira annulata (Banded Cat-eyed Snake): prey. Herpetological Review 38: 90.
- Cadena-Ortiz H, Barahona A, Bahamonde-Vinueza D, Brito J (2017) Anecdotal predation events of some snakes in Ecuador. Herpetozoa 30: 93–96.
- Duellman WE (1958) A monographic study of the colubrid snake genus Leptodeira. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 114: 1–152.
- Almendáriz A (1987) Contribución al conocimiento de la herpetofauna centroriental Ecuatoriana. Revista Politécnica 12: 77–133.
- Valencia JH, Garzón-Tello K, Barragán-Paladines ME (2016) Serpientes venenosas del Ecuador: sistemática, taxonomía, historial natural, conservación, envenenamiento y aspectos antropológicos. Fundación Herpetológica Gustavo Orcés, Quito, 653 pp.
- Cunha OR, Nascimento FP (1978) Ofídios da Amazônia. X. As cobras da região leste do Pará. Papéis Avulsos Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 31: 1–218.
- Starace F (1998) Serpents et amphisbènes de Guyane Française. Ibis Rouge Editions, Guadeloupe, 450 pp.
- Martins M, Oliveira ME (1998) Natural history of snakes in forests of the Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History 6: 78–150.
- Torres-Bonilla KA, Schezaro-Ramos R, Floriano RS, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Bernal-Bautista MH, da Cruz-Höfling M (2016). Biological activities of Leptodeira annulata (Banded Cat-eyed Snake) venom on vertebrate neuromuscular preparations. Toxicon 119: 345–351. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.004
- Lemoine K, Girón ME, Aguilar I, Navarrete LF, Rodríguez-Acosta A (2004) Proteolytic, hemorrhagic, and neurotoxic activities caused by Leptodeira annulata ashmeadii (Serpentes: Colubridae) Duvernoy’s gland secretion. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 15: 82–89. DOI: 10.1580/1080-6032(2004)015[0082:phanac]2.0.co;2
- Ferreira-Cunha L, Fiszer M, Periard W, Pinna PH (2024) First case of envenomation in humans caused by the banded cat-eyed snake Leptodeira annulata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata: Dipsadidae) in Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 57: e00803-2024. DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0555-2023
- Torres-Bonilla KA, Panunto PC, Pereira BB, Zambrano DF, Herrán-Medina J, Bernal MH, Hyslop S (2020) Toxinological characterization of venom from Leptodeira annulata (Banded Cat-eyed Snake; Dipsadidae, Imantodini) Biochimie 174: 171–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.006
- Costa JC, Graboski R, Grazziotin FG, Zaher H, Rodrigues MT, Prudente ALDC (2022) Reassessing the systematics of Leptodeira (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) with emphasis in the South American species. Zoologica Scripta 51: 415–433. DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12534
- Brown RW (1956) Composition of scientific words. Smithsonian Books, Washington D.C., 882 pp.
- Günther A (1872) Seventh account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9: 13–37.
Appendix 1: Locality data used to create the distribution map of Leptodeira approximans in Ecuador (Fig. 2). Go to the section on symbols and abbreviations for a list of acronyms used. Asterisk (*) indicates type locality.
| Country | Province | Locality | Source |
| Colombia | Caquetá | Florencia | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Colombia | Caquetá | La Tagua, Río Caquetá | Duellman 1958 |
| Colombia | Caquetá | San Vicente del Caguán | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Colombia | Cauca | Piamonte | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Colombia | Putumayo | Los Ángeles | Gutiérrez Lamus et al. 2020 |
| Colombia | Putumayo | Puerto Asís | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Colombia | Putumayo | Puerto Leguizamo | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Colombia | Putumayo | Reserva La Isla Escondida | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Colombia | Putumayo | Vereda Pueblo Viejo | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Cerro Shaime | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Chiguaza | USNM 232736; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | El Tiink | Costa 2014 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Fauna de la Amazonía | Photo by Andreas Kay |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Kumpak | Cadena-Ortiz et al. 2017 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | La Libertad | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Las Peñas | MZUA.RE.0200; examined |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Limón, 9 km N of | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Los Tayos | NHMUK 1976.112 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Macas | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Makuma | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Mendez, 2 km N of | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Normandía | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Nuevo Israel | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Pankints | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Santiago, 1 km E of | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Sucúa | Fugler and Walls 1978 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Turula | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Morona Santiago | Wisui | Chaparro et al. 2011 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Ahuano | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Napo | Archidona | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Cocodrilo | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Napo | El Chaco | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Hidroeléctrica Coca Codo | COCASINCLAIR 2013 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Jatun Sacha Biological Station | Vigle 2008 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Jondachi–Cocodrilos | Photo by Diego Piñán |
| Ecuador | Napo | Jumandy | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Narupa Reserve | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Napo | Narupayacu | Photo by José Simbaña |
| Ecuador | Napo | Puerto Napo | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Puerto Napo | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Río Cotapino | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Río Pusuno | Costa 2014 |
| Ecuador | Napo | San Juan de Piatúa | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Tena | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Tena | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Universidad Ikiam | Photo by Grace Reyes |
| Ecuador | Napo | WildSumaco Wildlife Sanctuary | Camper et al. 2021 |
| Ecuador | Napo | Yachana Reserve | Beirne et al. 2013 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | 25 de Diciembre | Costa 2014 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Ávila | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Coca | MCZ R-164914; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Comuna Juan Pablo II | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Cotapino | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Dayuma | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Orellana | ECY, 7.5 km NW of | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Orellana | El Edén | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Florencia | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Guiyero | Almendáriz 2011 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Ishpingo | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Joya de los Sachas | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Laguna Taracoa | MCZ R-156872; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Loreto | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Mandaripanga Camp | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Orellana | NPF | Reptiles of Ecuador book database |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Nuevo Rocafuerte | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Pañacocha, Río Napo | MHNG 2399.018; collection database |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Plataforma Petrolera Apaika | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | PM2 | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Pozo Azul C | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Pozo Nashiño | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Puerto Ventura | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Reserva Río Bigal | García et al. 2021 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Río Napo | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Río Yasuní | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Orellana | San José de Payamino | Maynard et al. 2016 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Tiputini Biodiversity Station | Cisneros-Heredia 2003 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Transecto SPF | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Yarina Lodge | Bringsøe 2024 |
| Ecuador | Orellana | Yasuní Scientific Station | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Alto Río Oglan | USNM 232767; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Andoas | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Arajuno | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Arutam | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Balsaura | Ortega-Andrade 2010 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Bataburo Lodge | Online multimedia |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Between Puyo and Canelos | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Bobonaza | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Bufeo | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Canelos | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Centro Ecológico Zanja Arajuno | Reptiles of Ecuador book database |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Chichirota | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Chuyayacu | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Comunidad Murialdo | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Cononaco, 6 km E of | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Copataza | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Copataza, 20 km NE of | RBINS-568 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Estación Científica Juri Juri | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Finca de Peter Archer | Yatin Kalki |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Finca San Antonio | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Juyuintza | Ortega-Andrade 2010 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Mera | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Montalvo | Ortega-Andrade 2010 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Nueva Vida | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Pozo Garza 1 | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Pucayacu (Río Pucayacu) | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Puerto Santana, 3 km N of | Bouamer et al. 2001 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Puyo | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Puyo, 1 km N of | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Copataza | USNM 232764; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Curaray, mouth of Río Villano | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Lliquino | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Oglán | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Pastaza | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Pindo | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Pucayacu, Bobonaza | USNM 232787; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Rutuno | USNM 232783; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Tigre | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Río Villano | USNM 232776; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Santa Ana | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Santa Rosa (along Río Conambo =Tigre) | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Sarayaku | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Shell | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Shell-Mera | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Shiripuno Lodge | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Sumak Kawsay In Situ | Bentley et al. 2021 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Tamandúa Reserve | Reptiles of Ecuador book database |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Tigüino | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Tiwino Waorani | USNM 321126; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Toñampare, 4 km W of | USNM 232774; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Tzarentza | Reptiles of Ecuador book database |
| Ecuador | Pastaza | Villano | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Brisas del Cuyabeno, 1.7 km NE of | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Campamento Concienti | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Comunidad Sábalo | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | El Pilche | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Estación PUCE en Cuyabeno | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | La Nueva Troncal | KU 121911; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | La Selva Lodge | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Lago Agrio | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Lago Agrio | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Limoncocha | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Limoncocha, 2.6 km E of | Reptiles of Ecuador book database |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Puerto Ore | Duellman 1978 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Río Aguarico | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Río Cuyabeno, Puerto Bolívar | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Río Pichira (Bloque 15) | Izquierdo et al. 2000 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Río Sábalo | Nogueira et al. 2019 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Río Singue | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Sacha Lodge | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | San Pablo de Kantesiya | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | San Pedro de los Cofanes | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Sani Lodge | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Santa Cecilia | Duellman 1978 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Santa Elena | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Shushufindi | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Simón Bolivar, 5 km NE of | KU 155510; VertNet |
| Ecuador | Sucumbíos | Tapir Lodge | Reptiles of Ecuador book database |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Alto Machinaza | Almendáriz et al. 2014 |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Alto Nangaritza | Guayasamin & Bonaccorso 2011 |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Bombuscaro | Photo by Darwin Núñez |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Cabañas Yankuam | Observation by Amanda Quezada |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | El Zarza, Río Machinaza | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Maicu Reserve | Observation by Amanda Quezada |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Pachicutza | iNaturalist; photo examined |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Palanda | Duellman 1958 |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Río Chumbiriaza | Online multimedia |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Shaime | Freile 2010 |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Valle del Quimi | Betancourt et al. 2018 |
| Ecuador | Zamora Chinchipe | Zamora | Duellman 1958 |
| Perú | Amazonas | Bagua | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Perú | Amazonas | Chayahuitas* | Günther 1872 |
| Perú | Amazonas | Condorcanqui | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Perú | Amazonas | Falso Paquisha | Reynolds 1997 |
| Perú | Amazonas | Galilea, vicinity of | USNM 566583; VertNet |
| Perú | Amazonas | Huampami | MVZ 163290; VertNet |
| Perú | Amazonas | La Poza | USNM 566584; VertNet |
| Perú | Amazonas | Río Alto Comaina | USNM 560432; VertNet |
| Perú | Amazonas | San Antonio, Río Cenepa | USNM 316618; VertNet |
| Perú | Amazonas | Yusa Patagkamu | USNM 316622; VertNet |
| Perú | Cajamarca | Perico | MCZ R-17415; VertNet |
| Perú | Loreto | Andoas | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Perú | Loreto | Datem del Marañón | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Perú | Loreto | Lagartococha, Aguas Negras | USNM 521055; VertNet |
| Perú | Loreto | Panguana | Catenazzi & Bustamante 2007 |
| Perú | Loreto | Provincia Alto Amazonas | Costa et al. 2022 |
| Perú | San Martín | Picota | Costa et al. 2022 |